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Many other Scientologist-run services and organizations belong to the umbrella organization World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which licenses the use of Hubbard's management teachings, and distributes directories of WISE-affiliated organizations. WISE requires those who wish to end up being Hubbard management seeks advice from to complete training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be undertaken at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the campuses of the Hubbard College of Administration, which uses a Partner of Applied Science Degree.


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Another widely known WISE-affiliated business is e. Republic, a publishing company based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications include Government Technology and Converge publications. The Center for Digital Federal government is a department of e. Republic that was established in 1999. Web ISP EarthLink was established by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology enterprise.


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This section requires growth. You can assist by contributing to it. In order to assist in the ongoing expansion of Scientology, the Church has made efforts to win allies in the form of powerful or highly regarded individuals. Perth Scientology. Though it has obtained some trustworthiness as a religion in numerous nations, Scientology has actually also been described as both a cult and a company.


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For instance, it has been noted to engage in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by recognizing as Fair Game people it views as its enemies. In 1979, numerous Scientology members were convicted for their involvement in the church's Operation Snow White, the biggest theft of federal government documents in U.S.


Scientologists were likewise convicted of scams, murder and tampering with witnesses in French cases, malicious libel against legal representative Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religions in America, religious scholar Jacob Neusner specifies that Scientology's "high level of visibility" may be viewed as "threatening to developed social organizations".


From 1952 until 1966, Scientology was administered by a company called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS), established in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS ended up being the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was included in California on February 18, 1954, changing its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.


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In 1967, the Internal Revenue Service stripped all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, stating Scientology's activities were industrial and operated for the benefit of Hubbard. Controversy followed the church on those years, but its development continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology were in 52 nations by the time the 80s was available in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church took legal action against and lost repeatedly for 26 years attempting to restore its tax-exempt status. The case was eventually settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than Internal Revenue Service had initially demandedand the Internal Revenue Service recognized the church as a tax-exempt not-for-profit organization.


Scientology mentions its tax exemption as proof the United States federal government accepts it as a religious beliefs. In January 2009, read removal of the tax exemption was rated as number 9 in products for the incoming Barack Obama administration to investigate, as determined in a web survey run by the presidential transition team obtaining public input for the incoming administration.


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State Department has criticized Western European nations for discrimination against Scientologists in its published annual International Religious Freedom report, based upon the International Religious Flexibility Act of 1998. In some countries Scientology is treated legally as an industrial enterprise, and not as a religious beliefs or charitable organization. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was granted a tax-exemption for the 10% license charges sent out to the United States. The word Scientology (and numerous associated terms, consisting of L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up trademark. Religious Technology Center, the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, takes a hard line on individuals and groups who try to use it in ways unaffiliated with the official Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard selected Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of particular aspects of legal defense for the CoS in 1968 and the Office of The Guardian was created with its head office positioned at Saint Hill Manor - Scientology Perth. Under The Guardian's Office (later on relabelled the Office of Special Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted personnel from Bureau One later organized and committed from this source among the biggest penetration of United States federal agencies ever committed by a company not associated with a foreign federal government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution described their actions as such: The crime devoted by these accuseds is of a breadth and scope previously unprecedented. No building, workplace, desk, or file was safe from their snooping and spying. No individual or company was devoid of their despicable conspiratorial minds.


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The Church has also in the past made usage of aggressive methods in dealing Web Site with those it sees as attempting to suppress them, called Suppressive Individuals (SPs) first detailed by Hubbard as part of a policy called level playing field. Church of Scientology Perth. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having actually authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church and its creator.


Utilizing blank paper understood to have been managed by Cooper, Scientologists forged bomb dangers in her name. When fingerprints on them matched hers, the Justice Department began prosecution, which might have sent out Cooper to jail for a prolonged term. The Church's strategy was discovered at the same time as its Operation Snow White actions were revealed.

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